Mobilizing the Faithful

Militant Islamist Groups and their Constituencies

Autor	Stefan Malthaner
Verlag	Campus Verlag
Erscheinungsjahr	2011
Seitenanzahl	273 Seiten
ISBN	9783593410708
Format	PDF
Kopierschutz	Wasserzeichen/DRM
Geräte	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
Preis	29,99 EUR

Militante islamistische Gruppen sind zentrale Akteure in zahlreichen kriegerischen Konflikten der Gegenwart. Wie sie entstehen und organisiert sind, erscheint meist rätselhaft. Der Band präsentiert einen neuen Ansatz, der solche Gruppen in Bezug setzt zu ihrem sozialen Umfeld. Basierend auf dem Vergleich zweier islamistischer Gewaltbewegungen - der ägyptischen Gruppen al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya und
al-Jihad sowie der libanesischen Hisbollah - zeigt der Autor, wie zentral der Einfluss des Umfelds auf das Verhalten militanter Gruppen ist. Er identifiziert typische Formen der Unterstützung und Entwicklung, die ebenso zu Dynamiken der Entfremdung und Radikalisierung wie zu Konsolidierung und Begrenzung führen können. Damit leistet der Band einen innovativen Beitrag für die Analyse gegenwärtiger Gewaltkonflikte im Nahen und Mittleren Osten sowie in anderen Weltregionen.

Stefan Malthaner studierte Politikwissenschaft und Soziologie und ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institut für interdisziplinäre Konflikt- und Gewaltforschung an der Universität Bielefeld.

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Contents	6
Acknowledgements	10
1. Introduction	12
1.1 Militant Islamist groups and their constituencies in social science research	16
1.2 Research question and design of this study	25
1.3 The case studies and criteria for comparison	26
1.4 Central concepts	28
1.5 Research strategies, methods, and sources	31
1.6 The structure of this book	37
2. Violent insurgencies and relationships of support: Outlines of an analytical framework	39
2.1 Engaging in relationships: Forms of orientation and reference groups	40
2.2 Support relationships: Setting and basic forms	43
2.3 Forms of influence in relationships of support	52
2.4 Summary	56
3. Between Islamic revolution and resistance: The militant groups’ aims and perspectives	57
3.1 Killing the Pharaoh, creating an Islamic society: Al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya and al-Jihad in Egypt	58
3.2 Resistance against occupation and the Islamic revolution in Lebanon: Hizbullah	78
3.3 Summary: Aims and patterns of orientation	94
4. The setting: Militant Islamist groups and their social environment	96
4.1 Al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya: Rebellion in the Sa’id and Cairo’s shantytowns	97
4.2 Hizbullah: Insurgency in South Lebanon, ruling the suburbs	109
4.3 Summary	117
5. Support relationships I: Al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya – Spreading the Call and ruling the neighborhood	119
5.1 “They were just good Muslims”: Support for the Islamist movement and al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya in Ayn Shams	120
5.2 Al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya in Imbaba: “Ruling” the neighborhood	128
5.3 Establishing a following at the university and beyond: Al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya in Assiut	132
5.4 Breaking with the past: Family relationships and al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya	137
5.5 Al-Jihad: Preparing clandestinely for a coup d’état	141
5.6 Summary: Relationships of support between al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya and its constituency	142
6. Development patterns I: Al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya – Escalation, estrangement, and radicalization	145
6.1 Fragmentation under pressure: The development of support relationships in Ayn Shams and Imbaba	146
6.2 Losing ground: Al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya’s insurgency in Assiut	151
6.3 The war against collaborators: Al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya in al-Minya	160
6.4 From ambushes to massacres: Decline of the insurgency and loss of constraints on violent practices	165
6.5 From ambivalence to condemnation: Al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya and their audiences in public discourse	168
6.6 The development of al-Jihad	170
6.7 Summary: Dynamics of estrangement and fragmentation	172
7. Support Relationships II: Outcast, defender, provider – Hizbullah and the Shiite community in Lebanon	175
7.1 Building a movement and providing for the neighborhood: Hizbullah in the southern suburbs of Beirut	176
7.2 Reigning in the clans: Hizbullah in the Beqaa	183
7.3 Becoming part of the community: The Islamic Resistance in South Lebanon	186
7.4 Joining a subculture and an army: Becoming a member of Hizbullah	196
7.5 Summary: Relationships of support between Hizbullah and the Shiite community in Lebanon	199
8. Development Patterns II: Hizbullah – Resilience, adaptation, and consolidation of support	202
8.1 Support for the “resistance” and its resilience under pressure	203
8.2 Bringing Iran to Lebanon and “wasting” the community’s sons: Elements of controversy and friction	205
8.3 Adaptation and strategic re-orientation: Hizbullah’s response to opposition and weakening support	212
8.4 Consolidation of support and control	219
8.5 Summary: Dynamics of support, adaptation, and control	231
9. Conclusion: Militant Islamist groups and their constituencies – Relationships of support and control	233
9.1 Relationship structures: Forms of reference, ties of support, and forms of influence	234
9.2 Development Patterns	247
9.3 Militant groups and their constituencies: The logic of relational analysis	256
10. List of maps and tables	261
11. References	262