Preface | 6 |
Contents | 8 |
1. Aerodynamic Forces | 12 |
1.1 Introductory Discussion | 12 |
1.2 Exercises | 12 |
1.2.1 Exercise A | 12 |
1.2.2 Exercise B—Vocabulary | 14 |
1.2.3 Exercise C—Translation | 15 |
1.3 Why an Aircraft Flies | 16 |
1.3.1 Exercise A: Comprehension | 18 |
1.3.2 Exercise B: Vocabulary | 19 |
1.3.3 Exercise C: Fill in the Blanks | 20 |
1.3.4 Exercise D: Writing | 21 |
1.4 How Does an Aircraft Really Fly? | 22 |
1.4.1 Exercise A: Diagram | 23 |
1.4.2 Exercise B: Discussion Questions | 23 |
1.4.3 Language Corrections | 23 |
1.5 James Bond 007—Reading Numbers Aloud in English | 25 |
1.5.1 Multiple Digits | 25 |
1.5.2 Zero | 26 |
1.5.3 The Decimal Point | 27 |
1.5.4 Plural Forms and False Friends | 27 |
1.5.5 Dates | 28 |
1.5.6 Fractions | 28 |
1.5.7 Percent | 29 |
2. Wings and Airfoils | 30 |
2.1 Geometry Definitions | 30 |
2.1.1 Exercise A: Basic Vocabulary | 30 |
2.1.2 Exercise B: Further Terminology | 31 |
2.1.3 Exercise C: Swept Wings | 32 |
2.2 The Secret Behind Mini-TEDs: Novel Aerodynamic Wing Flaps | 32 |
2.2.1 Exercise A: Comprehension Questions | 34 |
2.2.2 Exercise B: Technical Vocabulary | 35 |
2.2.3 Exercise C: Academic Vocabulary | 36 |
2.2.4 Exercise D: Group Work | 37 |
2.3 Reading Mathematical Equations Aloud | 38 |
2.3.1 Basic Arithmetic Operations | 38 |
2.3.2 Superscripts and Subscripts | 38 |
2.3.3 Roots | 39 |
2.3.4 Brackets | 39 |
2.4 Exercises | 40 |
2.4.1 Further Mathematical Symbols | 40 |
2.4.2 Further Practice | 41 |
3. Aircraft Motion | 42 |
3.1 Pitch Motion | 42 |
3.2 Roll Motion | 43 |
3.3 Yaw Motion | 44 |
3.4 Trim Systems | 45 |
3.4.1 Comprehension Questions | 49 |
3.4.2 Vocabulary | 50 |
3.5 Mathematical Symbols and Formulae | 51 |
4. Propulsion Systems | 52 |
4.1 Propeller Propulsion | 52 |
4.2 Gas Turbine Propulsion | 55 |
4.3 Ramjet Propulsion | 56 |
4.4 Rocket Propulsion | 58 |
4.5 Paraphrasing | 60 |
4.6 Jet Engines | 61 |
4.7 Shapes | 62 |
4.8 Geometry | 63 |
4.8.1 Exercise A | 63 |
4.8.2 Exercise B | 64 |
5. Composite Materials | 65 |
5.1 Vocabulary | 65 |
5.2 Composite Materials | 66 |
5.2.1 Background Information | 66 |
5.2.2 Discussion Questions | 66 |
5.3 Common Chemical Elements from the Periodic Table | 68 |
6. Helicopters | 70 |
6.1 How Helicopters Work | 70 |
6.1.1 Exercise A: Comprehension Questions | 73 |
6.1.2 Exercise B: Vocabulary Questions | 74 |
6.1.3 Exercise C: Words of Motion | 75 |
6.1.4 Exercise D: Translation | 76 |
6.2 Describing the Movement of a Graph | 77 |
6.2.1 Exercises | 80 |
6.3 Agreeing and Disagreeing | 80 |
6.3.1 Text: Helicopter with Flapping Rotors | 81 |
6.3.2 Writing | 82 |
7. The Future of NASA | 83 |
7.1 NASA’s Vision | 83 |
7.2 The Shuttle Program | 85 |
7.3 Delayed Discovery Launch | 87 |
7.3.1 Vocabulary Exercise | 87 |
7.3.2 Audiotext: Delayed Discovery Launch | 88 |
7.4 Ares Program | 91 |
7.4.1 Introductory Text | 91 |
7.4.2 After the Shuttle (Summary) | 92 |
7.5 False Friends | 94 |
8. Space Elevators | 95 |
8.1 Satellites on a Leash | 95 |
8.1.1 Vocabulary | 97 |
8.1.2 Comprehension Questions | 97 |
8.2 Summarizing/Paraphrasing/Clarifying | 98 |
8.2.1 Text One | 98 |
8.2.2 Text Two | 99 |
8.3 Attending a Conference | 100 |
8.3.1 Exercise A | 100 |
8.3.2 Exercise B | 101 |
8.4 Uncountable Nouns | 102 |
9. Electrical Rocket Propulsion | 103 |
9.1 Introduction to Electrical Rocket Propulsion | 103 |
9.1.1 Vocabulary | 106 |
9.1.2 Questions | 107 |
9.2 Hall Effect Thrusters | 108 |
9.2.1 Vocabulary | 109 |
9.2.2 Comprehension Questions | 110 |
9.3 Comparison of Propulsion Technologies | 111 |
9.4 Discourse Markers | 112 |
10. Orbits and SMART-1 | 114 |
10.1 SMART-1’s Lunar Mission | 114 |
10.2 Orbits | 116 |
10.2.1 Preliminary Questions | 116 |
10.2.2 Vocabulary | 117 |
10.2.3 Comprehension Questions | 117 |
10.2.4 A spiral pathway to the Moon | 117 |
10.2.5 Translations | 118 |
10.3 Ion Electric Propulsion on SMART-1 | 119 |
10.4 Clarifying Information | 120 |
10.4.1 Speaking Exercise | 121 |
10.4.2 SMART-1 mission overview | 122 |
10.5 Cause and Effect | 123 |
10.5.1 Exercise A | 123 |
10.5.2 Exercise B | 124 |
11. Commercial Space Flight | 125 |
11.1 Preliminary Discussion Questions | 125 |
11.2 Commercial Space Flight: Listening Comprehension | 126 |
11.2.1 Exercise A | 127 |
11.2.2 Exercise B | 128 |
11.3 Translation: SpaceShipOne | 131 |
11.4 Respectively/Beziehungsweise | 132 |
12. International Space Station | 133 |
12.1 The International Space Station | 133 |
12.1.1 Overview of International Space Station | 133 |
12.1.2 Comprehension Questions | 135 |
12.2 Ad Lib Elaboration: Zarya and Unity Modules | 136 |
12.3 Systems Operations | 139 |
12.3.1 Systems Operations of an ISS Module | 139 |
12.3.2 System Operations of the Columbus Module | 139 |
12.3.3 Collocations | 140 |
12.4 Auslautverhärtung / Terminal Devoicing | 141 |
Credits | 142 |
Selected Reference List | 145 |
Answer Key | 147 |
Student’s Lexicon | 175 |