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'Born Again': A Portrait and Analysis of the Doctrine of Regeneration within Evangelical Protestantism

Autor	Stephen J. Hamilton
Verlag	Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
Erscheinungsjahr	2017
Seitenanzahl	348 Seiten
ISBN	9783647604572
Format	PDF
Kopierschutz	Wasserzeichen
Geräte	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
Preis	79,99 EUR

Stephen J. Hamilton attempts to create a 'portrait' of 'born-again' Christianity by providing a general introduction to the doctrine of regeneration, including its development in modernity, as well as short exegeses of relevant scriptural texts, followed by a close reading of four theologians - Philipp Jakob Spener, Jonathan Edwards, Friedrich D.E. Schleiermacher, and Charles G. Finney - who all associate the doctrine of regeneration with an experience of presence in the individual believer.In light of these analyses, he then traces a general theological structure of the 'born-again' understanding of regeneration, including a catalogue of theological issues over which there is significant disagreement, in order to create a topography of 'born-again' theologies. In the final section, he applies these results to contemporary conversion narratives of non-theologians. It is in such conversion narratives, the author argues, that theologians can discover an implicit, 'lived' theology that reveals how doctrines are perceived and put into practice among Christians. Accordingly, this is to be understood as the result of the creative reciprocity between (often tacit) theological convictions and the experiences of the Christian life. The final chapter, as a coda to the entire work, offers some concluding reflections on the present cultural and political situation in the USA pertaining to 'born-again' Christianity and argues against any oversimplifications of the relationship between 'born-again' theologies, culture, and politics.

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Title Page	4
Copyright	5
Table of Contents	6
Body	14
Preface	14
1 Introduction	16
1.1 Field of Inquiry	16
1.1.1 Cultural overview	17
1.1.2 New birth, theologically understood	20
1.1.2.1 Being “born again” as an experience of presence	20
1.1.2.2 The tension between doctrine and experience	21
1.1.2.3 The threefold structure of the theological grammar of being “born again”	22
1.1.3 The state of research	23
1.1.4 The purpose of this study	27
1.1.4.1 Regeneration as a “theological phenomenon”	27
1.1.4.2 Presence and tacit knowledge	28
1.2 Method	31
1.3 Subjecs and Structure of this Study	34
Part I: The Theological Tradition of “Born-Again” Christianity	38
2 A Cultural, Exegetical, and Historical-Theological Overview of the Doctrine of Regeneration	40
2.1 Introduction	40
2.2 “Born again”, “new birth” and “rebirth”: a short clarification and background	40
2.2.1 New Testament sources	40
2.2.2 Old Testament sources	45
2.3 New birth and sacramental presence	47
2.3.1 Catholicism and Orthodoxy	47
2.3.2 Luther: Baptismal regeneration in Protestant theology	49
2.4 The separation of regeneration from baptism in Protestant theology	52
2.4.1 Anabaptist theology	52
2.4.2 Reformed Theology	57
2.4.3 The Dawn of Puritanism and Pietism	61
2.4.3.1 Puritanism: The doctrine of preparatory grace and the conversion narrative	61
2.4.3.2 German Pietism and proto-Pietism: the legacy of Johann Arndt	66
3 Baptismal Regeneration or Transformation of the Soul? The Tensions in Philipp Jakob Spener's Theology of Regeneration	71
3.1 Historical and Cultural Context: the Pia Desideria	71
3.2 Spener's Theology of New Birth: An Introduction and Short Summary	75
3.2.1 The three-fold event of regeneration	75
3.2.2 Spener's rejection of Predestination and espousal of baptismal regeneration	77
3.3 Spener's Threefold-division of New Birth: An Analysis	78
3.3.1 The “new being”	79
3.3.2 The “igniting” of faith	81
3.3.3 Justification	83
3.3.4 Being born again: “renewal” as the continuation of regeneration	84
3.4 Spener on Sacraments and Faith	86
3.4.1 The sacraments and the presence of faith	86
3.4.2 The presence of faith as the unity of baptismal and non-baptismal regeneration	88
3.4.3 Spener and Luther: baptism, new birth, and faith	90
3.5 Conclusion	94
3.5.1 Being born again as an experience of presence	94
3.5.2 Contrast to Puritanism and Anabaptism	96
3.5.3 Scripture and Ecclesiology	98
3.5.4 The tension between doctrine and experience	100
4 Jonathan Edwards: The Born Again Experience Under the Authority of Scripture	101
4.1 Edwards' Theological Background and Cultural Context	101
4.1.1 Introduction	101
4.1.2 Edwards' youth, conversion, and subsequent career	103
4.2 The Born Again Experience: Conversion	105
4.2.1 Introduction	105
4.2.2 “Born Again”	106
4.2.3 “A Divine and Supernatural Light”: regeneration as spiritual illumination	109
4.3 Guiding Theological Concepts in Edwards' Theology of Regeneration	113
4.3.1 Introduction	113
4.3.2 Light	113
4.3.3 “Sense”	117
4.3.4 Infusion	119
4.4 Experiences from the Revival Front	121
4.4.1 The beginnings of the Great Awakening	121
4.4.2 “Distinguishing marks”	125
4.4.2.1 “Negative signs”	126
4.4.2.2 “Positive evidences”	127
4.5 Conclusion	128
4.5.1 Phenomenology of religious experience and the certainty of regeneration	128
4.5.2 Free will and predestination	129
4.5.3 Preparationism and the importance of narrative	131
4.5.4 Church, community, and the sacraments	131
4.5.5 Revivalism	132
5 Schleiermacher on New Birth	134
5.1 Introduction	134
5.1.1 Modernity and subjectivity	134
5.1.2 Schleiermacher's early life and theology	136
5.2 Theological Background to Schleiermacher's Theology of Regeneration	138
5.2.1 Zinzendorf and Moravian theology	138
5.2.2 Schleiermacher's “God-consciousness”	141
5.3 New Birth	143
5.3.1 Introduction	143
5.3.2 Conversion	145
5.3.3 Justification	147
5.3.4 Sanctification: the continuance of regeneration	149
5.3.5 The Church as fellowship of the regenerate and locus of the Holy Spirit	151
5.4 Conclusion	152
5.4.1 Regeneration as an experience of presence	152
5.4.2 The universality of religion and the specificity of Christian regeneration	154
5.4.3 The importance of certainty	154
5.4.4 Scripture and doctrine	156
6 Charles Finney: New Birth as Decision	159
6.1 Introduction	159
6.1.1 Finney's conversion experience	159
6.1.2 Finney's theology	164
6.2 Finney on Regeneration	167
6.2.1 Introduction: activity vs. passivity, “moral” vs. “physical”	167
6.2.2 What regeneration is not	169
6.2.2.1 A feeling	169
6.2.2.2 A “taste”	170
6.2.2.3 The result of a necessary morphology of conversion	171
6.2.3 Regeneration as moral sensibility	172
6.2.4 Regeneration and sanctification as presence of the Holy Spirit	174
6.2.5 Holiness and social reform	175
6.2.6 Evangelism	176
6.3 Conclusion	178
6.3.1 Freedom of the will	178
6.3.2 “Moral” vs. “physical” change	179
6.3.3 The reformation of the role of narrative	180
6.3.4 The authority of scripture	182
6.3.5 Ecstasy and transcendence	183
6.4 Postscript: Finneyism and American Evangelicalism	183
Part II: Regeneration in Contemporary Evangelical Discourse in North America	188
7 New Birth as an Experience of Presence	190
7.1 The Three-fold Structure of New Birth	190
7.1.1 Presence of changed internal faculties	190
7.1.2 Presence of God	191
7.1.3 Change in divine status	192
7.2 Theological Criteria	193
7.2.1 Importance of the moment of regeneration	194
7.2.2 The role of free will	196
7.2.3 The conversion process	198
7.2.4 Relation to scripture and doctrine	199
7.2.5 Friendship and the church community	200
8 Charles Colson's “Born Again”	202
8.1 Introduction	202
8.2 The Story of Charles Colson	202
8.2.1 Early life and political involvement	202
8.2.2 Colson's conversion	204
8.3 Post-conversion	205
8.3.1 Brotherhood	205
8.3.2 Politics and the press	206
8.3.3 Trial and imprisonment	207
8.4 Theological Analysis of Colson's Conversion	210
8.4.1 Introduction	210
8.4.2 New birth as “decision for Christ”: a moment of free will	211
8.4.3 Mystical presence	212
8.4.4 New being	213
8.4.5 Community	214
8.4.6 Importance of narrative	214
9 Brian “Head” Welch	216
9.1 Introduction	216
9.2 The Story of Brian “Head” Welch	217
9.2.1 Early life	217
9.2.2 Korn and conversion	218
9.3 Conversion Experience	219
9.3.1 Conversion and aftermath	219
9.3.2 Additional experiences of divine presence	222
9.3.2.1 Baptism	222
9.3.2.2 Speaking in tongues	223
9.3.2.3 Forces of darkness	223
9.4 Theological Analysis of Welch's Testimony	224
9.4.1 Introduction	224
9.4.2 Presence of God	225
9.4.2.1 God's presence as the overcoming of false presence	225
9.4.2.2 Hearing God's voice	226
9.4.2.3 Prayer and ecstatic experience	227
9.4.3 A new “self”: a work in progress	228
9.4.4 Justification and Adoption	229
9.4.5 Decision	231
9.4.6 Scripture and doctrine	232
9.4.7 Friendship and ecclesiology	233
10 Christianity Today Testimonies	235
10.1 Introduction	235
10.2 “My Train Wreck Conversion,” by Rosaria Champagne Butterfield	237
10.2.1 Butterfield's narrative	237
10.2.2 Analysis of Butterfield's conversion	239
10.3 “The Atheist's Dilemma,” by Jordan Monge	242
10.3.1 Monge's narrative	242
10.3.2 Analysis of Monge's narrative	243
10.4 “Antidote Poison,” by Ravi Zacharias	246
10.4.1 Zacharias' narrative	246
10.4.2 Analysis of Zacharias' narrative	247
10.5 “Forgiving Iran,” by John Majid (as told by Kate Harris)	249
10.5.1 Majid's narrative	249
10.5.2 Analysis of John Majid's narrative	251
10.6 “The Golden Fish,” by Erich Metaxas	254
10.6.1 Metaxas' narrative	254
10.6.2 Analysis of Metaxas' narrative	256
10.7 “My Crash Course on Jesus,” by Casey Cease	258
10.7.1 Cease's narrative	258
10.7.2 Analysis of Cease's narrative	259
10.8 “Forgiving the Man Who Murdered Mom,” by Everett L. Worthington, Jr.	262
10.8.1 Worthington's narrative	262
10.8.2 Analysis of Worthington's narrative	264
10.9 “Saved by U2 and an Audible Voice,” by Travis Reed	267
10.9.1 Reed's narrative	267
10.9.2 Analysis of Reed's narrative	268
10.10 “Fox News' Highly Reluctant Jesus Follower,” by Kirsten Powers	271
10.10.1 Powers' narrative	271
10.10.2 Analysis of Powers' narrative	273
10.11 “How I Escaped the Mormon Temple,” by Lynn Wilder	276
10.11.1 Wilder's narrative	276
10.11.2 Analysis of Wilder's narrative	278
10.12 “Christ Called Me Off the Minaret,” by Nabeel Qureshi	282
10.12.1 Qureshi's narrative	282
10.12.2 Analysis of Qureshi's narrative	284
10.13 “Pro Football Was My God,” by Derwin Gray	287
10.13.1 Gray's narrative	287
10.13.2 Analysis of Gray's narrative	289
11 Summary Analysis of Christianity Today “Testimonies”	292
11.1 Presence of God	292
11.1.1 Metaphor and descriptive language	292
11.1.2 Illuminiation	293
11.1.3 Visions and dreams	294
11.1.4 Gifts of the Spirit and ecstatic experience	294
11.1.5 The rationalist exception	295
11.2 Presence of Changed State	296
11.2.1 Language of the new being	296
11.2.2 Overcoming substance abuse	296
11.2.3 From negative to positive attitude	296
11.2.4 Freedom to moral obedience	297
11.2.5 The exception	297
11.3 Change in Divine Status	298
11.3.1 Atonement and forgiveness of sins through Christ's crucifixion	298
11.3.2 Eternal life	299
11.3.3 Adoption	299
11.3.4 The exception	299
11.4 Importance of Moment of Regeneration	300
11.4.1 Moment as dramatic and/or central event in narrative	300
11.4.2 Identification of extended period	300
11.4.3 Exceptions	301
11.5 The Role of Free Will	301
11.5.1 “Decision”	301
11.5.2 Rejection of language of “decision”	302
11.5.3 Ambiguity	302
11.6 Patterns of Conversion	303
11.6.1 Journey	303
11.6.2 Crisis	304
11.6.3 Other, mixed forms	304
11.6.4 False conversions	304
11.7 The Bible and Doctrine	305
11.7.1 The Bible as book	305
11.7.2 Biblical passages	306
11.7.3 Implicit biblical and doctrinal literacy	307
11.8 Friendship and the Church Community	307
11.8.1 Friendship	307
11.8.2 Worship attendance	308
11.8.3 Bible study groups	308
11.8.4 Criticism of the church as institution	309
Part III: Concluding Analysis	310
12 Summary and Final Theological Reflections	312
12.1 Overview	312
12.2 Presence and Tacit Knowledge	314
12.2.1 Mediation and the sacraments	314
12.2.2 Christianity as “knowing how” fostered in community	316
12.2.3 Mysticism and metaphor	317
12.3 Theological Reflections	318
13 Concluding Reflections on the Present Cultural and Political Situation in the USA	321
13.1 Introduction	321
13.2 Preliminary Observations	322
13.3 Regeneration as Personal Conversion: Trust in the Sanctified Self	324
13.3.1 Solidarity through the shared theological experience of transformation	324
13.3.2 Regeneration and sanctification as catalysts for moral purity: two views	326
13.4 The Bible as Authority	329
13.5 Conclusion	332
Works Cited	333
Index of Subjects	344
Index of Names	348

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