Title Page | 3 |
Copyright | 4 |
Table of Contents | 5 |
Body | 7 |
Preface: Religious Education at Schools in Europe | 7 |
1. The socio-religious background of the country | 10 |
2. Legal framework for religious education and the relationship between religious communities and the state | 10 |
3. Developments in the country's education policy | 10 |
4. Role of religiously sponsored schools, including any changes and developments, legal relationships | 10 |
5. Conceptions and tasks of religious education | 10 |
6. Practice / reality of religious education in different schools | 11 |
7. Observations on alternative subjects / learning areas like ethics, philosophy etc. | 11 |
8. Dealing with religious diversity | 11 |
9. Religion in school outside of religious education | 11 |
10. Training of teachers of religious education: institutes, structures, priorities issues | 12 |
11. Empirical Research concerning religious education | 12 |
12. Desiderata / challenges for religious education in a European context | 12 |
13. Further information (e.g., relevant literature on religious education, institutions, websites) | 12 |
References | 13 |
Friedrich Schweitzer: Comparing Religious Education in Schools in European Countries: Challenges for International Comparative Research | 15 |
1. What Is Comparative Research in Religious Education? – Initial Considerations | 17 |
2. Reasons and Expectations | 18 |
2.1 The need for integrated international research in religious education is clearly growing | 21 |
2.2 Research in religious education must include international comparisons in order to evaluate national models and to capture international developments | 21 |
2.3 International comparative research in religious education can challenge assumptions otherwise taken for granted | 22 |
2.4 Intercultural, ecumenical, and interreligious dialogue must include the ways in which different cultures, denominations, and religions practise religious education | 23 |
2.5 Political reasons make it desirable to develop shared international standards for religious education | 24 |
3. Obstacles for Comparative Research | 25 |
4. Existing Studies: A Preliminary Typology | 26 |
4.1 Country Reports and Country-By-Country Comparisons | 27 |
4.2 Problem-Centred Comparative Studies | 28 |
4.3 Integrated International Empirical Studies | 29 |
4.4 Comparative Historical Studies | 30 |
5. Suggestions for the Methodology of International, Interdenominational, and Interreligious Comparative Research in Religious Education | 30 |
References | 35 |
Martin Jäggle / Philipp Klutz: Religious Education at Schools in Austria | 39 |
Introduction | 39 |
1. The socio-religious background of the country | 40 |
1.1 General information | 40 |
1.2 Developments | 41 |
1.3 Religion among young people | 42 |
2. Legal framework for religious education and the relationship between religious communities and the state | 42 |
3. Developments in the country's education policy | 45 |
4. Role of religiously sponsored schools, including any changes and developments, legal relationships | 47 |
5. Conceptions and tasks of religious education | 48 |
6. Practice / reality of religious education in different schools | 50 |
7. Observations on alternative subjects / learning areas like ethics, philosophy etc. | 52 |
8. Dealing with religious diversity | 53 |
9. Religion in school outside of religious education | 55 |
10. Training of teachers of religious education: institutes, structures, priorities issues | 57 |
11. Empirical Research concerning religious education at schools | 59 |
(a) Studies on students', parents' and (RE) teachers' perspectives on RE | 59 |
(b) Evaluation of `Ethics' | 60 |
(c) Studies on classroom interaction, curricula and textbooks | 60 |
12. Desiderata / challenges for religious education in a European context | 61 |
Competences and educational standards | 61 |
Collective and cooperative RE | 61 |
Conceptualisations for a diaconal presence of religion.(s) at public schools | 61 |
School development and religion | 62 |
Training | 62 |
13. Further information (e.g., relevant literature on religious education, institutions, websites) | 62 |
13.1 Journals | 62 |
13.2 Further literature | 62 |
References | 65 |
Legal foundations (http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/) | 67 |
Curricula (http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/) | 67 |
Austrian Federal Chancellery (http://www.bka.gv.at/) | 67 |
Federal Ministry of Education and Women's Affairs (https://www.bmbf.gv.at/) | 67 |
Statistik Austria (http://www.statistik.at/) | 68 |
Ana Thea Filipovic: Religious Education at Schools in Croatia | 69 |
Introduction | 69 |
1. The socio-religious background of the country | 69 |
2. Legal framework for religious education and the relationship between religious communities and the state | 71 |
3. Developments in the country's education policy | 73 |
4. Role of religiously sponsored schools, including any changes and developments, legal relationships | 75 |
5. Conceptions and tasks of religious education | 76 |
6. Practice / reality of religious education in different schools | 77 |
7. Observations on alternative subjects / learning areas like ethics, philosophy etc. | 78 |
8. Dealing with religious diversity | 79 |
9. Religion in school outside of religious education | 79 |
10. Training of teachers of religious education: institutes, structures, priorities issues | 80 |
11. Empirical Research concerning religious education at schools | 81 |
12. Desiderata / challenges for religious education in a European context | 82 |
13. Further information (e.g., relevant literature on religious education, institutions, websites) | 83 |
13.1 Journals | 83 |
13.2 Encyclopaedia, documents, curricula | 83 |
13.3 Further literature | 84 |
13.4 Important websites | 85 |
References | 85 |
Ludmila Muchová: Religious Education at Schools in the Czech Republic | 89 |
Introduction | 89 |
1. The socio-religious background in the country | 89 |
2. Legal framework for religious education and the relationship between religious communities and the state | 92 |
3. Developments in the country's education policy | 93 |
4. Role of religiously sponsored schools, including any changes and developments, legal relationships | 95 |
5. Conceptions and tasks of religious education | 97 |
6. Practice / reality of religious education in different schools | 100 |
7. Observations on alternative subjects / learning areas like ethics, philosophy etc. | 104 |
8. Dealing with religious diversity | 105 |
9. Religion in school outside of religious education | 107 |
10. Training of teachers of religious education: institutes, structures, priorities issues | 108 |
11. Empirical Research concerning religious education | 111 |
12. Desiderata / challenges for religious education in a European context | 111 |
13. Further information (e.g., relevant literature on religious education, institutions, websites) | 112 |
On the issue of religiosity in the Czech Republic | 112 |
Chapters in monographs by Tomás Halík | 112 |
On RE in czech schools | 113 |
References | 113 |
Martin Rothgangel / Hans-Georg Ziebertz in cooperation with Philipp Klutz: Religious Education at Schools in Germany | 115 |
Introduction | 115 |
1. The socio-religious background of the country | 115 |
1.1 General information | 115 |
1.2 A comparison between the generations | 116 |
1.3 Religious orientation of young people | 118 |
2. Legal framework for religious education and the relationship between religious communities and the state | 119 |
3. Developments in the country's education policy | 121 |
4. Role of religiously sponsored schools, including any changes and developments, legal relationships | 122 |
5. Conceptions and tasks of religious education | 124 |
a) Church communiqués on Catholic RE | 124 |
b) Church communiqués on Protestant RE | 127 |
6. Practice / reality of religious education in different schools | 130 |
7. Observations on alternative subjects / learning areas such as ethics, philosophy etc. | 133 |
8. Dealing with religious diversity | 134 |
9. Religion in school outside of religious education | 135 |
10. Training of teachers of religious education: institutes, structures, priorities issues | 136 |
11. Empirical Research concerning religious education at schools | 138 |
(a) Studies on students' perspectives on RE | 138 |
(b) Studies on (RE) teachers' and parents' perspectives on RE | 138 |
(c) Studies on classroom interaction and didactics of RE | 140 |
(d) Studies with focus on religion in school outside of RE and in a wider context concerning RE | 142 |
12. Desiderata / challenges for religious education in a European context | 143 |
13. Further information (e.g., relevant literature on religious education, institutions, websites) | 144 |
References | 146 |
Mónika Solymár: Religious education at schools in Hungary | 149 |
Introduction | 149 |
1. The socio-religious background of the country | 149 |
1.1 Hungary Basic information and special features | 149 |
1.2 Demographic situation and developments | 150 |
1.3 Religiosity in Hungary: Christian denominations and trends | 151 |
2. Legal framework for religious education and the relationship between religious communities and the state | 153 |
2.1 The churches and other religious groups in Hungary after 1989 | 153 |
2.2 RE in public schools | 154 |
2.3 Financing RE | 156 |
3. Developments in the country's education policy | 157 |
3.1 Statistics for the Hungarian education system | 157 |
3.2 Developments in, and perspectives on, education policy | 158 |
3.3 Education policy and the churches and religious groups: network of denominational schools | 160 |
4. Role of religiously sponsored schools, including any changes and developments, legal relationships | 161 |
4.1 Pluralization of the education system, patronage of denominational schools, unique features in each denomination | 161 |
4.2 A profile of the denominational schools | 163 |
4.3 Financing of denominational schools | 164 |
5. Conceptions and tasks of religious education | 165 |
6. Practice / reality of religious education in different schools | 166 |
6.1 RE in figures, types of RE, registrations, withdrawals | 166 |
6.2 Curricula and textbooks, RE in various types of schools, RE as a subject for final exams (Matura) | 168 |
6.3 Qualification requirements for teachers, church appointment, practical challenges | 170 |
7. Observations on alternative subjects / learning areas like ethics, philosophy etc. | 171 |
8. Dealing with religious diversity | 172 |
9. Religion in school outside of religious education | 174 |
10. Training of teachers of religious education: institutes, structures, priorities issues | 175 |
10.1 Universities and technical colleges under church patronage, locations for religion teacher training, state and church provisions | 175 |
10.2 Teacher training between the Bologna system and the undivided new model of teacher training, structure of religion teacher training, acquisition of skills and qualifications | 177 |
10.3 Further training, opportunities in professional life | 178 |
11. Empirical Research concerning religious education at schools | 179 |
12. Desiderata / challenges for religious education in a European context | 179 |
13. Further information (e.g., relevant literature on religious education, institutions, websites) | 181 |
References | 183 |
Cyprian Rogowski: Religious Education at Schools in Poland | 185 |
Introduction | 185 |
1. The socio-religious background of the country | 186 |
1.1 General information | 186 |
1.2 Developments | 187 |
1.3 Religious orientation of young people | 188 |
2. Legal framework for religious education and the relationship between religious communities and the state | 189 |
3. Developments in the country's education policy | 191 |
4. Role of religiously sponsored schools, including any changes and developments, legal relationships | 192 |
5. Conceptions and tasks of religious education | 197 |
6. Practice / reality of religious education in different schools | 198 |
7. Observations on alternative subjects / learning areas like ethics, philosophy etc. | 200 |
8. Dealing with religious diversity | 201 |
9. Religion in school outside of religious education | 202 |
10. Training of teachers of religious education: institutes, structures, priorities issues | 202 |
11. Empirical Research concerning religious education | 203 |
12. Desiderata / challenges for religious education in a European context | 205 |
13. Further information (e.g., relevant literature on religious education, institutions, websites) | 205 |
The following textbooks provide an initial insight into the discussion on religious education in Poland | 205 |
The following magazines provide further insights into the topic of religious education | 206 |
The following websites are worthy of note | 206 |
Institutions | 207 |
References | 207 |
Stefan Hirschlehner: Religious Education at Schools in the Principality of Liechtenstein | 209 |
Introduction | 209 |
1. Socio-religious background of the country | 209 |
1.1 General information | 209 |
1.2 Religious affiliation | 210 |
1.3 The Roman Catholic Church: From a deanship to an archdiocese | 210 |
1.4 Religiousness in the Principality of Liechtenstein | 211 |
1.5 Funding of religious communities | 212 |
2. Legal Frameworks of re and the relationship between religious communities and the state | 212 |
3. Developments in the country's education policy | 214 |
Recent key developments in the Education system | 214 |
4. Role of religiously sponsored schools, including any changes and developments, legal relationships | 214 |
5. Conceptions and tasks of religious education | 214 |
6. Practice / reality of religious education in different schools | 217 |
7. Observations on alternative subjects / learning areas like ethics, philosophy etc. | 218 |
8. Dealing with religious diversity | 218 |
9. Religion in schools outside of religious education | 218 |
10. Training of teachers of religious education: institutes, structures, priorities issues | 219 |
11. Empirical research concerning religious education | 219 |
12. Desiderate and challenges for religious education in a European context | 219 |
13. Further information (e.g., relevant literature on religious education, institutions, websites) | 220 |
Legal fundations | 220 |
Curricula | 220 |
Agreements | 220 |
Order of the government | 221 |
Information brochure | 221 |
Statistics | 221 |
References | 221 |
Tibor Reimer: Religious education at schools in Slovakia | 223 |
Introduction | 223 |
1. The socio-religious background of the country | 223 |
2. Legal framework for religious education and the relationship between religious communities and the state | 226 |
3. Developments in the country's education policy | 228 |
4. Role of religiously sponsored schools, including any changes and developments, legal relationships | 231 |
5. Conceptions and tasks of religious education | 233 |
6. Practice / reality of religious education in different schools | 235 |
7. Observations on alternative subjects / learning areas like ethics, philosophy etc. | 237 |
8. Dealing with religious diversity | 239 |
9. Religion in school outside of religious education | 240 |
10. Training of teachers of religious education: institutes, structures, priorities issues | 242 |
11. Empirical Research concerning religious education | 244 |
12. Desiderata / challenges for religious education in a European context | 245 |
13. Further information (e.g., relevant literature on religious education, institutions, websites) | 247 |
13.1 Important institutions in the area of religious education and RE | 247 |
13.2 Relevant literature on religious education | 248 |
References | 248 |
Stanko Gerjolj / Andrej Saje: Religious Education at Schools in Slovenia | 249 |
Introduction | 249 |
1. The socio-religious background of the country | 249 |
2. Legal framework for religious education and the relationship between religious communities and the state | 251 |
3. Developments in the country's education policy | 252 |
4. Role of religiously sponsored schools, including any changes and developments, legal relationships | 253 |
5. Conceptions and tasks of religious education | 254 |
6. Practice / reality of religious education in different schools | 257 |
7. Observations on alternative subjects / learning areas like ethics, philosophy etc. | 259 |
8. Dealing with religious diversity | 260 |
9. Religion in school outside of religious education | 261 |
10. Training of teachers of religious education: institutes, structures, priorities issues | 262 |
11. Empirical Research concerning religious education | 263 |
12. Desiderata / challenges for religious education in a European context | 263 |
13. Further information (e.g., relevant literature on religious education, institutions, websites) | 264 |
References | 264 |
Thomas Schlag: Religious Education at Schools in Switzerland | 269 |
Introduction | 269 |
1. The socio-religious background of the country | 269 |
1.1 General information | 270 |
1.2 A comparison between the generations | 272 |
1.3 Religious orientation of young people | 273 |
2. Legal framework for religious education and the relationship between religious communities and the state | 275 |
3. Developments in the country's education policy | 279 |
3.1 The responsibility of the state schools without any shared responsibility from the religious communities recognised under public law: the examples of Aargau, Berne and Zurich | 280 |
3.1.1 Aargau | 280 |
3.1.2 Berne | 280 |
3.1.3 Zurich | 281 |
3.2 The shared responsibility of the religious communities recognised under public law: the examples of Upper Valais and Grisons | 282 |
3.2.1 Upper Valais | 282 |
3.2.2 Grisons | 283 |
3.3 The responsibility of the religious communities recognised under public law in cooperation with the state: the example of St. Gallen | 283 |
3.4 No state RE: the example of Geneva | 284 |
3.5 Current and future developments | 284 |
4. Role of religiously sponsored schools, including any changes and developments, legal relationships | 286 |
5. Conceptions and tasks of religious education | 288 |
6. Practice / reality of religious education in different schools | 290 |
7. Observations on alternative subjects / learning areas like ethics, philosophy etc. | 293 |
8. Dealing with religious diversity | 294 |
9. Religion in school outside of religious education | 296 |
10. Training of teachers of religious education: institutes, structures, priorities issues | 298 |
11. Empirical Research concerning religious education at schools | 299 |
12. Desiderata / challenges for religious education in a European context | 300 |
13. Further information (e.g., relevant literature on religious education, institutions, websites) | 302 |
References | 302 |
Contributors | 309 |